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PWM auto-reload timer (ART) ST72321xx-Auto
88/243 Doc ID 13829 Rev 1
12.2 Functional description
12.2.1 Counter
The free running 8-bit counter is fed by the output of the prescaler, and is incremented on
every rising edge of the clock signal.
It is possible to read or write the contents of the counter on the fly by reading or writing the
Counter Access register (ARTCAR).
When a counter overflow occurs, the counter is automatically reloaded with the contents of
the ARTARR register (the prescaler is not affected).
12.2.2 Counter clock and prescaler
The counter clock frequency is given by:
f
COUNTER
= f
INPUT
/ 2
CC[2:0]
The timer counter’s input clock (f
INPUT
) feeds the 7-bit programmable prescaler, which
selects one of the 8 available taps of the prescaler, as defined by CC[2:0] bits in the
Control/Status Register (ARTCSR). Thus the division factor of the prescaler can be set to 2
n
(where n = 0, 1,..7).
This f
INPUT
frequency source is selected through the EXCL bit of the ARTCSR register and
can be either the f
CPU
or an external input frequency f
EXT
.
The clock input to the counter is enabled by the TCE (Timer Counter Enable) bit in the
ARTCSR register. When TCE is reset, the counter is stopped and the prescaler and counter
contents are frozen. When TCE is set, the counter runs at the rate of the selected clock
source.
12.2.3 Counter and prescaler initialization
After RESET, the counter and the prescaler are cleared and f
INPUT
= f
CPU
.
The counter can be initialized by:
● writing to the ARTARR register and then setting the FCRL (Force Counter Re-Load)
and the TCE (Timer Counter Enable) bits in the ARTCSR register
● writing to the ARTCAR counter access register
In both cases the 7-bit prescaler is also cleared, whereupon counting will start from a known
value.
Direct access to the prescaler is not possible.
12.2.4 Output compare control
The timer compare function is based on four different comparisons with the counter (one for
each PWMx output). Each comparison is made between the counter value and an output
compare register (OCRx) value. This OCRx register can not be accessed directly, it is
loaded from the duty cycle register (PWMDCRx) at each overflow of the counter.
This double buffering method avoids glitch generation when changing the duty cycle on the
fly.
- ST72321xx-Auto 1
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- 1 Description 18
- ST72321xx-Auto Description 19
- 2.1 Package pinout 20
- 2.2 Pin description 22
- 4 Flash program memory 29
- 4.4 ICC interface 30
- Doc ID 13829 Rev 1 31/243 31
- 4.7 Related documentation 32
- 5.1 Introduction 33
- 5.2 Main features 33
- 5.3 CPU registers 33
- 5.3.1 Accumulator (A) 34
- 5.3.3 Program counter (PC) 34
- Interrupt management bits 35
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- 6.1 Introduction 37
- 6.2 Main features 37
- 6.3 Phase locked loop 38
- 6.4 Multi-oscillator (MO) 38
- Crystal/ceramic oscillators 39
- Internal RC oscillator 39
- 6.5.1 Introduction 40
- 6.5.5 Internal watchdog RESET 42
- Doc ID 13829 Rev 1 43/243 43
- Monitoring the V 44
- main supply 44
- 6.6.3 Low power modes 46
- 6.6.4 Interrupts 46
- SICSR description 47
- Application notes 48
- 7 Interrupts 49
- Servicing pending interrupts 50
- Non-maskable sources 51
- Maskable sources 51
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- HARDWARE PRIORITY 52
- 7.6 External interrupts 57
- Interrupts ST72321xx-Auto 58
- ST72321xx-Auto Interrupts 59
- 8 Power saving modes 62
- 8.3 Wait mode 63
- 8.4.1 Active Halt mode 65
- 8.4.2 Halt mode 67
- Halt mode recommendations 69
- 9 I/O ports 70
- 9.2.2 Output modes 71
- 9.2.3 Alternate functions 71
- 1. The diode to V 72
- ST72321xx-Auto I/O ports 73
- 9.3 I/O port implementation 74
- 9.4 Low power modes 75
- 9.5 Interrupts 75
- 10 Watchdog timer (WDG) 77
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- 10.5 Low power modes 80
- 10.8 Interrupts 80
- 10.9 Register description 81
- (MCC/RTC) 82
- Low power modes 83
- Interrupts 83
- 12.2 Functional description 88
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- 12.2.8 Input capture function 91
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- 12.3 ART registers 93
- 13 16-bit timer 98
- 13.3 Functional description 99
- 16-bit timer ST72321xx-Auto 100
- 16-bit read sequence 101
- 13.3.2 External clock 102
- 13.3.3 Input capture 103
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- 13.3.4 Output compare 105
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- 13.3.6 One Pulse mode 108
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- Procedure 110
- 13.4 Low power modes 112
- 13.5 Interrupts 112
- 13.6 Summary of timer modes 112
- 13.7 16-bit timer registers 113
- ST72321xx-Auto 16-bit timer 115
- 117
- Related documentation 120
- 14.1 Introduction 121
- 14.2 Main features 121
- 14.3 General description 121
- 14.3.1 Functional description 122
- 14.3.3 Master mode operation 124
- 14.3.5 Slave mode operation 125
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- CPHA = 1 127
- CPHA = 0 127
- 14.5 Error flags 128
- 14.5.4 Single master systems 129
- 14.6 Low power modes 130
- 14.7 Interrupts 130
- 14.8 SPI registers 131
- 15.3 General description 136
- Figure 62. SCI block diagram 137
- 15.4 Functional description 138
- 15.4.2 Transmitter 139
- 15.4.3 Receiver 140
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- Extended baud rate generation 143
- Parity control 144
- SCI clock tolerance 144
- Clock deviation causes 145
- Noise error causes 145
- 15.5 Low power modes 146
- 15.6 Interrupts 146
- 15.7 SCI registers 147
- 16.3 General description 156
- 16.3.3 SDA/SCL line control 157
- 16.4 Functional description 158
- 16.4.2 Master mode 159
- Slave address transmission 160
- Master receiver 160
- Master transmitter 160
- Error cases 161
- 16.5 Low power modes 163
- 16.6 Interrupts 163
- 16.7 Register description 164
- 16.7.2 I 165
- C status register 1 (SR1) 165
- 16.7.3 I 167
- C status register 2 (SR2) 167
- 16.7.4 I 168
- 16.7.5 I 169
- C data register (DR) 169
- 16.7.6 I 169
- C own address register (OAR1) 169
- 16.7.7 I 170
- C own address register (OAR2) 170
- Table 90. I 171
- 17.1 Introduction 172
- 17.2 Main features 172
- 17.3 Functional description 173
- 17.4 Low power modes 174
- 17.5 Interrupts 174
- 17.6 ADC registers 174
- 17.6.2 Data register (ADCDRH) 175
- 17.6.3 Data register (ADCDRL) 176
- 18 Instruction set 177
- 18.1.1 Inherent 178
- 18.1.2 Immediate 179
- 18.1.3 Direct 179
- 18.1.5 Indirect (short, long) 180
- 18.2 Instruction groups 181
- 18.2.1 Using a prebyte 182
- 19 Electrical characteristics 185
- 19.3 Operating conditions 188
- IT+(LVD) 189
- : Flash devices 192
- Power consumption vs f 192
- 19.5.1 General timings 195
- 19.5.2 External clock source 195
- 19.5.5 PLL characteristics 198
- 19.6 Memory characteristics 199
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- 19.9.1 Asynchronous RESET pin 207
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- 19.9.2 ICCSEL/V 209
- ICCSEL/V 210
- PROGRAMMING 210
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- 19.11.2 214
- ±5% tolerance 215
- ±2% tolerance 215
- INJ(PIN) 216
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- 19.12.3 ADC accuracy 219
- 20 Package characteristics 220
- 21.1.1 Flash configuration 223
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- 21.3 Development tools 231
- 21.4 ST7 application notes 233
- 22 Known limitations 234
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- 22.1.8 16-bit timer PWM mode 239
- 22.2 All Flash devices 240
- Doc ID 13829 Rev 1 241/243 241
- 23 Revision history 242
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